Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; femtosecond laser; laser structuring; lithium-ion battery; lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide; cathode;LITHIUM ION BATTERY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O-2, NMC) thick film electrodes were manufactured by using the doctor-blade technique (tape-casting). Ultrafast laser-structuring was performed in order to improve the electrochemical performance. For this purpose, three-dimensional (3D) micro-structures such as free standing micropillars were generated in NMC cathodes by using femtosecond laser ablation. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) was used for post-mortem investigation of the lithium distribution of unstructured and femtosecond laser-structured NMC electrodes. For achieving a variable State-of-Health (SoH), both types of electrodes were electrochemically cycled. LIBS calibration was performed based on NMC electrodes with defined lithium amount. Those samples were produced by titration technique in a voltage window of 3.0 V - 5.0 V. Elemental mapping and elemental depth-profiling of lithium with a lateral resolution of 100 ae m were applied in order to characterize the whole electrode surface. The main goal is to develop an optimized 3D cell design with improved electrochemical properties which can be correlated to a characteristic lithium distribution along 3D micro-structures at different SoH.